ЛАВ V ЈЕРМЕНИН (813-820) КАО НОВИ САУЛ И СЕНАХЕРИБ - СТАРОЗАВЕТНИ МОДЕЛИ ВИЗАНТИЈСКОГ ИКОНОБОРАЧКОГ ЦАРА
Abstract
У раду анализирамо византијске наративне изворе IX и X века који се
према нашем мишљењу на алегоричан начин изражавају и преко старозаветних модела
употпуњују историјску слику о иконоборачком цару Лаву V Јерменину (813-820). Цар је
поређен са старозаветним владарима, углавном како би му се приписале негативне
карактеристике које је посредно делио са јудејским вођом Саулом и асирским
властодржцем Сенахерибом. Старозаветни модели који су коришћени имали су за циљ да
оправдају царево убиство у завери, као заслужену казну за владара јеретика. Такође
понудићемо различите интерпретације у којима мислимо да је на суптилан начин дошло
до поређења Лава V са Саулом и Сенахерибом с јасном намером да се ублажи насилно
уклањање с власти централне личности царства.
References
Извори
Ambrose (2003): Seven Exegetical Works, trans. M. McHugh, The Fathers of the Church
65. Washington: Catholic University of America Press.
V. Eustratii (1897): Βίος καὶ θαύματα τοῦ ὁσίου πατρὸς ἡμῶν Εὐστρατίου, ἡγουμένου
τῆς μονῆς τῶν Αὐγάρου, ed. Papadopoulos-Kerameus, Ἀνάλεκτα Ἱεροσολυμιτικῆς Σταχυολογίας,
vol. IV (St. Petersburg, 1897) 367-400.
V. Euthymii, episcopi Sardensis (1987): J. Gouillard, La Vie d’Euthyme de Sardes (†
831), une oeuvre du patriarche Méthode, Travaux et Mémoires du Centre de Recherche d'Histoire
et Civilisation byzantines 10, 1-101.
V. Ignatii (2013): Nicetas David, The life of Patriarch Ignatius, ed. by A. Smithies, J. M.
Duffy, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 51. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
V. Nikeph. (1880): Vita Nicephori Archiepiscopi Constantinopolitani, in: Nicephori
Archiepiscopi Constantinopolitani Opuscula Historica, ed. by C. de Boor, Lipsiae.
V. Nicetae Medicii (1866): Acta Sanctorum Aprilis, ed. I. Carnandet, Tomus I.
Parisiis/Romae: Victorem Palme, Appendix XVIII-XXVII.
V. Tarasii (1998) : The Life of the Patriarch Tarasios by Ignatios the Deacon (BHG
1698), ed. and engl. trans. S. Efthymiadis, Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Monographs 4.
Aldershot/Brookfield: Ashgate.
Genesios = Ioseph Genesios (1978): Iosephi Genesii regum libri quattuor, rec. A.
Lesmüller-Werner et H. Thurn, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 14. Berlin/New York:
Walter de Gruyter.
Georg. Mon. = Georgios Monachos (1904): Georgii Monachi Chronicon, ed. C. de Boor,
vol. II. Lipsiae: B.G. Teubner.
Gheyn, Van den Joseph (1899): Acta graeca ss. Davidis, Symeonis et Georgii Mitylenae
in insula Lesbo, Analecta Bollandiana 18, 209-259.
Krumbacher, Karl (1897): Kasia, Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-philologische und historische Klasse 1, München.
Malalae= Ioannis Malalae (2000): Chronographia, ed. J. Thurn, Corpus Fontium
Historiae Byzantinae 35. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Nicephori, Patriarchae Constantinopolitani (1997): Refutatio et eversio definitionis
synodalis anni 815, ed. by J. M. Featherstone, Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 33. Turnhout:
Brepols/Leuven University Press.
PG 37, 105 (1862): Patrologiae cursus completus, Series graeca, ed. by Jacques Paul
Migne, Tomus XXXVII, CV. Paris.
PL 14 (1845): Patrologiae cursus completus, Series latina, ed. by Jacques Paul Migne,
Tomus XIV. Paris.
Ps.-Symeon (1838): Symeonis Magistri ac Logothetae Annales a Leone Armenio ad
Nicephoram Phocam, in: Theophanes Continuatus, Ioannes Cameniata, Symeon Magister,
Georgius Monachus, ed. by I. Bekkerus. Bonnae: Impensis E. Weberi, 603-760.
Sym. Mag.= Symeon Magistros (2006): Symeonis Magistri et Logothetae Chronicon, ed.
by S. Wahlgren, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, 44.1 Berlin/New York: Walter De Gruyter.
Theod. Stud.= Theodorus Studita (1992): Theodori Studitae Epistulae, rec. G. Fatouros,
Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae vol. 31/2. Berolini/Novi Eboraci: Walter De Gruyter.
Th. Cont.= Theophanes Continuatus (2015): Chronographiae Quae Theophanis
Continuati Nomine Fertur Libri I-IV, ed. by Michael Featherstone and Juan Signes-Codoner,
Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 53. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Theoph.= Theophanis (1883): Theophanis Cronographia, ed. by C.de Boor, vol I.
Lipsiae: B.G. Teubner.
Литература
Adontz, Nicholas (1965): Sur l’origine de Léon V, empereur de Byzance, In: Études
Arméno-byzantines, Livraria Bertrand, Lisbonne, 37- 46.
Alexander, Paul Julius (1958): The Patriarch Nicephorus of Constantinople:
Ecclesiastical Policy and Image Worship in the Byzantine Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Афиногенов, Дмитрий Е. (1999): The Date of Georgios Monachos reconsidered,
Byzantinische Zeitschrift 92, 437-447.
(2001): The Conspiracy of Michael Traulos and the. Assassination of Leo V: History and
Fiction, Dumbarton Oaks 55, 329-338.
(2003): Что погубило императора Льва Армянина? (история и мифы), Мир
Александра Каждана. К 80-летию со дня рождения / Отв. ред. А. А. Чекалова, Санкт-
Петербург, 194-222.
(2004): Повесть о прощении императора Феофила и Торжество Православия.
Москва: Индрик.
Brubaker, Leslie, Haldon, John (2011): Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era c. 680-850: a
History., Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Verheyden, Joseph (2014): The Devil in Person, The Devil in Disguise: Looking for King
Sennacherib in Early Christian Literature, in: Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem Story, History
and Historiography, ed. by Isaac Kalimi and Seth Richardson, Culture and history of the ancient
Near East, vol. 71. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 389-431.
Gomola, Aleksander (2018): Conceptual Blending in Early Christian Discourse: A
Cognitive Linguistic Analysisi of Pastoral Metaphors in Patristic Literature. Berlin/Boston: Walter
de Gruyter GmbH.
Дагрон, Жилбер (2001): Цар и првосвештеник: студија о византијском
цезаропапизму, прев. Владан Тријић. Београд: Clio.
Domínguez, Óscar P. (2021): Literary Circles in Byzantine Iconoclasm: Patrons, Politics
and Saints. United Kingdom; New York, N, USA: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Elayi, Josette (2018): Sennacherib, King of Assyria, Archeology and biblical studies 24.
Atlanta: SBL Press.
Magdalino, Paul and Nelson, Robert S. (2010): The Old Testament in Byzantium.
Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
Magdalino, Paul (2014): The Historiography of Dreaming in Medieval Byzantium, in: C.
Angelide and G.T. Calofonos, Dreaming in Byzantium and beyond. Farnham/Burlington VT:
Ashgate, 125-144.
Marjanović, Dragoljub (2018): Creating Memories in Late 8th-century Byzantium: The
Short History of Nikephoros of Constantinople. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Никитинъ, Пётр В. (1895): О нѣкоторыхъ греческихъ текстахъ житiй святыхъ, в:
Записки Императорской Академiи наукъ по Историко-филологическому отдѣленiю, Томъ
I, No. 1, С. Петербургъ, 1-67.
Rapp, Claudia (2010): Old Testament Models for Emperors in Early Byzantium, in: The
Old Testament in Byzantium, ed. Paul Magdalino and Robert S. Nelson. Washington: Dumbarton
Oaks Research Library and Collection.
Сенина, Татьяна A. (монахиня Кассия) (2014): Лев Преступник: царствование
императора Льва V Армянина в византийских хрониках IX века Феофан Исповедник,
Неизвестный хронист, Георгий Амартол. Санкт-Петербург: Алетейя.
(2015): Жития византийских святых эпохи иконоборчества, Том I, Издательский
проект Квадривиум. Санкт-Петербург: Алетейя.
Sommerstein, Alan H. and Torrance, Isabelle C. (2014): Oaths and swearing in ancient
Greece. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
Scott, Robert (2018): Dreams and Imaginative Memory in Select Byzantine Chronicles,
in: Neil Brownen, Eva Anagnostou-Laoutides, Dreams, Memory and Imagination in Byzantium,
Byzantina Australiensia 24. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 183-207.
Talbot, Alice-Mary (1998): Byzantine Defenders of Images, Eight Saint’s Lives in
English Translation. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
Ulmer, Rivka (2014): Sennacherib in Midrashic and Related Literature: Inscribing
History in Midrash, in: Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem Story, History and Historiography,
ed. by Isaac Kalimi and Seth Richardson, Culture and history of the ancient Near East, vol. 71.
Leiden/Boston: Brill, 347-387.
Frahm, Eckart (2014): Family Matters: Psychohistorical Reflections on Sennacherib and
His Times, in: Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem Story, History and Historiography, ed. by
Isaac Kalimi and Seth Richardson, Culture and history of the ancient Near East, vol. 71.
Leiden/Boston: Brill, 163-222.
Hofer, Andrew (2013): Christ in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus, Oxford
Early Christian Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Holm, Tawny L. (2014): Memories of Sennacherib in Aramaic Tradition, in: Sennacherib
at the Gates of Jerusalem Story, History and Historiography, ed. by Isaac Kalimi and Seth
Richardson, Culture and history of the ancient Near East, vol. 71. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 295-323.
Codoñer, Juan Signes (1995): El periodo del segundo iconoclasmo en Theophanes
Continuatus: análisis y comentario de los tres primeros libros de la crónica, Classical and
Byzantine monographs 33. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert.
(2004): Nuevas consideraciones sobre el emperador León el Armenio, Habis 25, 357-
376.
(2014): The Emperor Theophilos and the East, 829-842: Court and Frontier in
Byzantium during the Last Phase of Iconoclasm, Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies 13.
Farnham/Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Cogan, Mordechai (2009): Sennacherib and the Angry Gods of Babylon and Israel, Israel
Exploration Journal 59, no. 2, 164-174.
Calofonos, George T. (2014): Dream Narratives in the Continuation of Theophanes, in:
Christine Angelide and George T. Calofonos, Dreaming in Byzantium and beyond,
Farnham/Burlington VT: Ashgate, 95-123.
Ambrose (2003): Seven Exegetical Works, trans. M. McHugh, The Fathers of the Church
65. Washington: Catholic University of America Press.
V. Eustratii (1897): Βίος καὶ θαύματα τοῦ ὁσίου πατρὸς ἡμῶν Εὐστρατίου, ἡγουμένου
τῆς μονῆς τῶν Αὐγάρου, ed. Papadopoulos-Kerameus, Ἀνάλεκτα Ἱεροσολυμιτικῆς Σταχυολογίας,
vol. IV (St. Petersburg, 1897) 367-400.
V. Euthymii, episcopi Sardensis (1987): J. Gouillard, La Vie d’Euthyme de Sardes (†
831), une oeuvre du patriarche Méthode, Travaux et Mémoires du Centre de Recherche d'Histoire
et Civilisation byzantines 10, 1-101.
V. Ignatii (2013): Nicetas David, The life of Patriarch Ignatius, ed. by A. Smithies, J. M.
Duffy, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 51. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.
V. Nikeph. (1880): Vita Nicephori Archiepiscopi Constantinopolitani, in: Nicephori
Archiepiscopi Constantinopolitani Opuscula Historica, ed. by C. de Boor, Lipsiae.
V. Nicetae Medicii (1866): Acta Sanctorum Aprilis, ed. I. Carnandet, Tomus I.
Parisiis/Romae: Victorem Palme, Appendix XVIII-XXVII.
V. Tarasii (1998) : The Life of the Patriarch Tarasios by Ignatios the Deacon (BHG
1698), ed. and engl. trans. S. Efthymiadis, Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Monographs 4.
Aldershot/Brookfield: Ashgate.
Genesios = Ioseph Genesios (1978): Iosephi Genesii regum libri quattuor, rec. A.
Lesmüller-Werner et H. Thurn, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 14. Berlin/New York:
Walter de Gruyter.
Georg. Mon. = Georgios Monachos (1904): Georgii Monachi Chronicon, ed. C. de Boor,
vol. II. Lipsiae: B.G. Teubner.
Gheyn, Van den Joseph (1899): Acta graeca ss. Davidis, Symeonis et Georgii Mitylenae
in insula Lesbo, Analecta Bollandiana 18, 209-259.
Krumbacher, Karl (1897): Kasia, Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-philologische und historische Klasse 1, München.
Malalae= Ioannis Malalae (2000): Chronographia, ed. J. Thurn, Corpus Fontium
Historiae Byzantinae 35. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Nicephori, Patriarchae Constantinopolitani (1997): Refutatio et eversio definitionis
synodalis anni 815, ed. by J. M. Featherstone, Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca 33. Turnhout:
Brepols/Leuven University Press.
PG 37, 105 (1862): Patrologiae cursus completus, Series graeca, ed. by Jacques Paul
Migne, Tomus XXXVII, CV. Paris.
PL 14 (1845): Patrologiae cursus completus, Series latina, ed. by Jacques Paul Migne,
Tomus XIV. Paris.
Ps.-Symeon (1838): Symeonis Magistri ac Logothetae Annales a Leone Armenio ad
Nicephoram Phocam, in: Theophanes Continuatus, Ioannes Cameniata, Symeon Magister,
Georgius Monachus, ed. by I. Bekkerus. Bonnae: Impensis E. Weberi, 603-760.
Sym. Mag.= Symeon Magistros (2006): Symeonis Magistri et Logothetae Chronicon, ed.
by S. Wahlgren, Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae, 44.1 Berlin/New York: Walter De Gruyter.
Theod. Stud.= Theodorus Studita (1992): Theodori Studitae Epistulae, rec. G. Fatouros,
Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae vol. 31/2. Berolini/Novi Eboraci: Walter De Gruyter.
Th. Cont.= Theophanes Continuatus (2015): Chronographiae Quae Theophanis
Continuati Nomine Fertur Libri I-IV, ed. by Michael Featherstone and Juan Signes-Codoner,
Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae 53. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Theoph.= Theophanis (1883): Theophanis Cronographia, ed. by C.de Boor, vol I.
Lipsiae: B.G. Teubner.
Литература
Adontz, Nicholas (1965): Sur l’origine de Léon V, empereur de Byzance, In: Études
Arméno-byzantines, Livraria Bertrand, Lisbonne, 37- 46.
Alexander, Paul Julius (1958): The Patriarch Nicephorus of Constantinople:
Ecclesiastical Policy and Image Worship in the Byzantine Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Афиногенов, Дмитрий Е. (1999): The Date of Georgios Monachos reconsidered,
Byzantinische Zeitschrift 92, 437-447.
(2001): The Conspiracy of Michael Traulos and the. Assassination of Leo V: History and
Fiction, Dumbarton Oaks 55, 329-338.
(2003): Что погубило императора Льва Армянина? (история и мифы), Мир
Александра Каждана. К 80-летию со дня рождения / Отв. ред. А. А. Чекалова, Санкт-
Петербург, 194-222.
(2004): Повесть о прощении императора Феофила и Торжество Православия.
Москва: Индрик.
Brubaker, Leslie, Haldon, John (2011): Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era c. 680-850: a
History., Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Verheyden, Joseph (2014): The Devil in Person, The Devil in Disguise: Looking for King
Sennacherib in Early Christian Literature, in: Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem Story, History
and Historiography, ed. by Isaac Kalimi and Seth Richardson, Culture and history of the ancient
Near East, vol. 71. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 389-431.
Gomola, Aleksander (2018): Conceptual Blending in Early Christian Discourse: A
Cognitive Linguistic Analysisi of Pastoral Metaphors in Patristic Literature. Berlin/Boston: Walter
de Gruyter GmbH.
Дагрон, Жилбер (2001): Цар и првосвештеник: студија о византијском
цезаропапизму, прев. Владан Тријић. Београд: Clio.
Domínguez, Óscar P. (2021): Literary Circles in Byzantine Iconoclasm: Patrons, Politics
and Saints. United Kingdom; New York, N, USA: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Elayi, Josette (2018): Sennacherib, King of Assyria, Archeology and biblical studies 24.
Atlanta: SBL Press.
Magdalino, Paul and Nelson, Robert S. (2010): The Old Testament in Byzantium.
Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
Magdalino, Paul (2014): The Historiography of Dreaming in Medieval Byzantium, in: C.
Angelide and G.T. Calofonos, Dreaming in Byzantium and beyond. Farnham/Burlington VT:
Ashgate, 125-144.
Marjanović, Dragoljub (2018): Creating Memories in Late 8th-century Byzantium: The
Short History of Nikephoros of Constantinople. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Никитинъ, Пётр В. (1895): О нѣкоторыхъ греческихъ текстахъ житiй святыхъ, в:
Записки Императорской Академiи наукъ по Историко-филологическому отдѣленiю, Томъ
I, No. 1, С. Петербургъ, 1-67.
Rapp, Claudia (2010): Old Testament Models for Emperors in Early Byzantium, in: The
Old Testament in Byzantium, ed. Paul Magdalino and Robert S. Nelson. Washington: Dumbarton
Oaks Research Library and Collection.
Сенина, Татьяна A. (монахиня Кассия) (2014): Лев Преступник: царствование
императора Льва V Армянина в византийских хрониках IX века Феофан Исповедник,
Неизвестный хронист, Георгий Амартол. Санкт-Петербург: Алетейя.
(2015): Жития византийских святых эпохи иконоборчества, Том I, Издательский
проект Квадривиум. Санкт-Петербург: Алетейя.
Sommerstein, Alan H. and Torrance, Isabelle C. (2014): Oaths and swearing in ancient
Greece. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
Scott, Robert (2018): Dreams and Imaginative Memory in Select Byzantine Chronicles,
in: Neil Brownen, Eva Anagnostou-Laoutides, Dreams, Memory and Imagination in Byzantium,
Byzantina Australiensia 24. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 183-207.
Talbot, Alice-Mary (1998): Byzantine Defenders of Images, Eight Saint’s Lives in
English Translation. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
Ulmer, Rivka (2014): Sennacherib in Midrashic and Related Literature: Inscribing
History in Midrash, in: Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem Story, History and Historiography,
ed. by Isaac Kalimi and Seth Richardson, Culture and history of the ancient Near East, vol. 71.
Leiden/Boston: Brill, 347-387.
Frahm, Eckart (2014): Family Matters: Psychohistorical Reflections on Sennacherib and
His Times, in: Sennacherib at the Gates of Jerusalem Story, History and Historiography, ed. by
Isaac Kalimi and Seth Richardson, Culture and history of the ancient Near East, vol. 71.
Leiden/Boston: Brill, 163-222.
Hofer, Andrew (2013): Christ in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus, Oxford
Early Christian Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Holm, Tawny L. (2014): Memories of Sennacherib in Aramaic Tradition, in: Sennacherib
at the Gates of Jerusalem Story, History and Historiography, ed. by Isaac Kalimi and Seth
Richardson, Culture and history of the ancient Near East, vol. 71. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 295-323.
Codoñer, Juan Signes (1995): El periodo del segundo iconoclasmo en Theophanes
Continuatus: análisis y comentario de los tres primeros libros de la crónica, Classical and
Byzantine monographs 33. Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert.
(2004): Nuevas consideraciones sobre el emperador León el Armenio, Habis 25, 357-
376.
(2014): The Emperor Theophilos and the East, 829-842: Court and Frontier in
Byzantium during the Last Phase of Iconoclasm, Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies 13.
Farnham/Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Cogan, Mordechai (2009): Sennacherib and the Angry Gods of Babylon and Israel, Israel
Exploration Journal 59, no. 2, 164-174.
Calofonos, George T. (2014): Dream Narratives in the Continuation of Theophanes, in:
Christine Angelide and George T. Calofonos, Dreaming in Byzantium and beyond,
Farnham/Burlington VT: Ashgate, 95-123.
Published
2023-01-01
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